{"id":80,"date":"2020-04-11T22:45:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T20:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ritual.cz\/?p=80"},"modified":"2020-04-20T19:21:01","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T17:21:01","slug":"lecitelstvi-je-legalni-profesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ritual.cz\/index.php\/2020\/04\/11\/lecitelstvi-je-legalni-profesi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed profes\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je zcela nepochybn\u00e9, \u017ee vy\u0159azen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed ze seznamu \u017eivnost\u00ed tzv. voln\u00fdch novelou \u017eivnostensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona bylo pokusem zbavit se l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed a alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby. Lze jej patrn\u011b p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst b\u00fdval\u00e9mu ministrovi zdravotnictv\u00ed, kter\u00fd se sna\u017eil zak\u00e1zat alternativn\u00ed metody i l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm. Proto\u017ee se v\u0161ak tomuto mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu popletovi nepoda\u0159ilo prakticky nic dot\u00e1hnout do konce, nezda\u0159ilo se ani toto. Je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9, aby \u010de\u0161t\u00ed l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9 a jejich klienti v\u011bd\u011bli, v jak\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch mantinelech se mohou svobodn\u011b a bez jak\u00e9hokoliv utajov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybovat. \u010cesk\u00e1 homeopatick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, v jej\u00ed\u017e \u0159ad\u00e1ch je krom\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f tak\u00e9 mnoho profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch homeopat\u016f-l\u00e9\u010ditel\u016f, proto po\u017e\u00e1dala o expert\u00edzu pr\u00e1vn\u00edho stavu, v n\u011bm\u017e se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed, n\u011bkolik pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, mezi nimi t\u00e9\u017e Doc. JUDr. Pavla Matese CSc., odborn\u00edka, kter\u00fd se na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch jin\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo autorsky pod\u00edlel.<\/p>\n

Na ot\u00e1zku, co je po pr\u00e1vn\u00ed str\u00e1nce l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 JUDr. Mates: ?Mohu zde jen opakovat, co jsem ji\u017e \u0159ekl na dotaz televize (m\u00edn\u011bno srpnov\u00e9 Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 judo): vymezil bych je jako podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, vykazuje-li znaky, kter\u00e9 jsou pro tuto \u010dinnost z\u00e1konem stanoveny, tj. je prov\u00e1d\u011bno samostatn\u011b podnikatelem vlastn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem a na vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u00fa\u010delem dosa\u017een\u00ed zisku.?  plat\u00ed pro n\u011b z\u00e1sada, \u017ee to, co nen\u00ed z\u00e1konem zak\u00e1z\u00e1no, je z\u00e1konem povoleno (\u010dl.2, odst. 3 \u00dastavy). Proto\u017ee tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1kon ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed nesm\u00ed vykon\u00e1vat, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provozov\u00e1no.? ?\/…\/podle m\u00e9ho soudu nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu postih podle \u00a722 \u010di 224 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, tj. za neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e plyne ze shora uveden\u00e9 \u00favahy o pr\u00e1vu \u010dinit v\u0161e, co z\u00e1kon nezakazuje.?…?Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed nen\u00ed \u017eivnost\u00ed, nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzeno dozoru ze strany \u017eivnostensk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, jako by tomu mohlo b\u00fdt v opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u0161ak podrobeno dozoru nap\u0159. ze strany org\u00e1n\u016f hygienick\u00e9 slu\u017eby.? L\u00e9\u010ditel by mohl b\u00fdt tud\u00ed\u017e kontrolov\u00e1n, co\u017e platilo i d\u0159\u00edve, nap\u0159. po str\u00e1nce dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161obecn\u00fdch hygienick\u00fdch pravidel, stejn\u011b jako jak\u00e1koliv jin\u00e1 profese.<\/p>\n

Tento status je velmi podobn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu r\u00e1mci, v jak\u00e9m se pohybuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9 (profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed homeopat\u00e9) v l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00e9 velmoci Anglii. Vy\u0159azen\u00ed l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed z \u017eivnost\u00ed znamen\u00e1 paradoxn\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed liberalizaci, kdy je l\u00e9\u010ditel vlastn\u011b kontrolov\u00e1n jen sv\u00fdmi klienty, co\u017e j\u00e1 osobn\u011b pova\u017euji za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, nebo\u0165 v t\u00e9to situaci hraje renom\u00e9, jak\u00e9 si l\u00e9\u010ditel vytvo\u0159il sv\u00fdmi znalostmi, v\u00fdsledky a vytrvalou prac\u00ed (a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u010dlenstv\u00edm v renomovan\u00e9 nest\u00e1tn\u00ed organizaci, kter\u00e1 jeho odborn\u00e9 znalosti prov\u011b\u0159\u00ed) prvo\u0159adou roli.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010ditel je p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za sv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9. JUDr. Mates ve sv\u00e9 expert\u00edze p\u00ed\u0161e: ?L\u00e9\u010ditel by ov\u0161em mohl b\u00fdt posti\u017een nap\u0159. za ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed, z\u0159ejm\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji v nedbalostn\u00ed form\u011b (\u00a7222 \u010di 224 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona), nelze vylou\u010dit ani sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu neposkytnut\u00ed pomoci podle \u00a7 207 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (kdo osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 je v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed smrti nebo jev\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 poruchy na zdrav\u00ed neposkytne pot\u0159ebnou pomoc), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ohro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00ed z\u00e1vadn\u00fdmi potravinami a jin\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami podle \u00a7194 trest. z\u00e1kona (kdo m\u00e1 na prodej nebo pro tento \u00fa\u010del vyrob\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9mu opat\u0159\u00ed z nedbalosti potraviny nebo jin\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo u\u017eit\u00ed k obvykl\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed). P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd postih podle t\u011bchto \u010di jin\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona ov\u0161em nep\u0159inesla a\u017e st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00faprava, jeho mo\u017enost existovala i d\u0159\u00edve. M\u00e1m ov\u0161em za to, \u017ee zde nejde o n\u011bjak\u00e9 specifikum l\u00e9\u010ditel\u016f, podle t\u011bchto ustanoven\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posti\u017eena i \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed a uveden\u00fd v\u00fd\u010det p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 eventuality, kter\u00e9 by se mohly vyskytnout v souvislosti s l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00edm \u010dast\u011bji.?<\/p>\n

Povinnost\u00ed l\u00e9\u010ditele ji\u017e nyn\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b je registrovat se u \u00da\u0159adu pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, tato povinnost se ov\u0161em t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech profes\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje (nap\u0159. i l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f atp.). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed jde o tzv. ?citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje? dot\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zdrav\u00ed osob, atp. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mus\u00ed m\u00edt l\u00e9\u010ditel od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho klienta p\u00edsemn\u00e9 svolen\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee tyto jeho \u00fadaje zpracov\u00e1vat k \u00fa\u010delu l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed. Obch\u00e1zen\u00edm tohoto nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd podnikatel, nevyj\u00edmaje l\u00e9\u010ditele a l\u00e9ka\u0159e, riskuje p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 velmi vysok\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed postihy. V\u00fdjimky by z\u0159ejm\u011b tvo\u0159ily ty p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy by byl klient vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n a l\u00e9\u010den jako anonym.<\/p>\n

Je nutno tak\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu z\u00e1kon \u010d. 79\/1997 o l\u00e9\u010divech. Tento z\u00e1kon vymezuje kategorii ?l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f? mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed homeopatick\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u010daje a dietetick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky. Tyto l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky sm\u00ed vyd\u00e1vat jen l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edci a farmaceuti\u010dt\u00ed laboranti, nikoliv v\u0161ak l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9. Snad je trochu ut\u011b\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee naprosto stejn\u011b jsou omezeni t\u00edmto z\u00e1konem i l\u00e9ka\u0159i. L\u00e9\u010ditel tedy v souladu s t\u00edmto z\u00e1konem m\u016f\u017ee fungovat jako poradce, m\u016f\u017ee homeopatick\u00fd l\u00e9k nebo \u010daj doporu\u010dit a poradit tak\u00e9 klientovi, kde si ho m\u00e1 koupit, jak ho m\u00e1 u\u017e\u00edvat atd. Co\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b homeopatik nen\u00ed dnes \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nep\u0159ekonateln\u00fd probl\u00e9m, proto\u017ee jsou na mnoha m\u00edstech k dost\u00e1n\u00ed a proto\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 si homeopatika objednat i pro po\u0161tovn\u00ed zasl\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u0159. z Anglie, a l\u00e9ky dojdou klientovi do schr\u00e1nky za n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010daj\u016f z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na tom, zda je \u010daj registrovan\u00fd jako ?l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek? a tak\u00e9 na tom, jak je jeho registrace formulov\u00e1na. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ov\u0161em pova\u017eov\u00e1n i jen za potravinu, pokud v\u0161ak nen\u00ed registrov\u00e1n jako ?l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek?. Registrac\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 povinnost podat ka\u017ed\u00e9mu informaci o registraci ka\u017ed\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpravku.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd legislativn\u00ed probl\u00e9m nyn\u00ed nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed, jak lze vyvodit ze zpr\u00e1vy JUDr. Matese, zejm\u00e9na l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9 zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se mas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. P\u00ed\u0161e: ?Pokud jde o mo\u017enost poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00fdch mas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed typu reflexn\u00ed terapie atp., odkazuji zde na p\u0159\u00edlohu k \u017eivnostensk\u00e9mu z\u00e1konu, skupina 214 Ostatn\u00ed, kde se nerozli\u0161uje mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi typy mas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e se zde hovo\u0159\u00ed o mas\u00e9rsk\u00fdch, rekondi\u010dn\u00edch a regenera\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch v\u016fbec. Z toho je t\u0159eba dovodit, \u017ee tyto mas\u00e1\u017ee lze provozovat pouze jako v\u00e1zanou \u017eivnost?. \u010cili, jin\u00fdmi slovy, je nutno nyn\u00ed splnit (od 1.3.2001) ve\u0161ker\u00e9 (ne zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e9) po\u017eadavky na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a kvalifikaci, kter\u00e9 \u017eivnostensk\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed. Toto je v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 by bohu\u017eel mohla mnoha l\u00e9\u010ditel\u016fm praktikuj\u00edc\u00edm mas\u00e1\u017ee zkomplikovat \u017eivot, pokud ov\u0161em nedojde k novelizaci z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed je z\u00e1konem povoleno, a proto ka\u017ed\u00fd l\u00e9\u010ditel m\u016f\u017ee tuto profesi leg\u00e1ln\u011b vykon\u00e1vat. Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce dokonce vytvo\u0159ilo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed, dosti \u0161irokou a podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru zcela akceptovatelnou definici tohoto pracovn\u00edho oboru. L\u00e9\u010ditel tud\u00ed\u017e m\u016f\u017ee za sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby p\u0159ij\u00edmat od klient\u016f dohodnutou sumu pen\u011bz a na konci roku by m\u011bl vyplnit jako ka\u017ed\u00fd soukrom\u00fd podnikatel v t\u00e9to zemi da\u0148ov\u00e9 p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed, kde do kolonky odd. 3, \u00a77 Druh podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 samostatn\u011b veden\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nap\u00ed\u0161e nap\u0159. L\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed. Z vypln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed i v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed podnikatelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1le\u017eitosti, jako povinnost v\u00e9st \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed, mo\u017enost ode\u010d\u00edst n\u00e1klady na l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed od da\u0148ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu, nap\u0159\u00edklad i cestovn\u00ed v\u00fddaje nebo n\u00e1klady na odborn\u00e9 kurzy a odbornou literaturu, fakt, \u017ee je l\u00e9\u010ditel pod penz\u00ed…. atp, atp. L\u00e9\u010ditel je tak\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn si vyv\u011bsit zcela legitimn\u011b firmu, inzerovat apod.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b velmi chmurn\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy o legislativn\u00ed situaci \u010desk\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed je tedy nutno po odborn\u00e9m prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech fakt\u016f revidovat, i kdy\u017e p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e (pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 obory) p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Jak se zd\u00e1, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed spiritu\u00e1ln\u00ed obory, s pom\u011brn\u011b nez\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi se budou setk\u00e1vat homeopat\u00e9 (jejich\u017e hlavn\u00edm profesn\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00edm je poradenstv\u00ed), pon\u011bkud v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ale nikoliv ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e9 z\u00e1konn\u00e9 brzdy existuj\u00ed asi v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b herbalismu, nejh\u016f\u0159e na tom jsou mas\u00e1\u017en\u00ed obory. Za t\u00e9to situace je st\u00e1le velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podporovat asociace, h\u00e1j\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1va ob\u010dan\u016f na tzv. alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu i pr\u00e1va samotn\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010ditel\u016f. V homeopatick\u00e9m kontextu je to \u010cesk\u00e1 homeopatick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost. Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee pokus omezit l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed (tentokr\u00e1t novelou \u017eivnostensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona), by\u0165 byl jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ?efektivn\u00ed?, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt posledn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mgr. Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cehovsk\u00fd 2001<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n

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\n 4.3\/5 - (3 votes) <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

Views: 84<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Je zcela nepochybn\u00e9, \u017ee vy\u0159azen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed ze seznamu \u017eivnost\u00ed tzv. voln\u00fdch novelou \u017eivnostensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona bylo pokusem zbavit se l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[15],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vzduch","tag-archiv"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed profes\u00ed -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ritual.cz\/index.php\/2020\/04\/11\/lecitelstvi-je-legalni-profesi\/\" \/>\n<meta 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